Ana Maria Baptista Menezes1, Fernando C Wehrmeister1, Luciana Monteiro Vasconcelos Sardinha2, Pedro do Carmo Baumgratz de Paula2, Tainá de Almeida Costa2, Pedro Augusto Crespo1, Pedro C Hallal1

J Bras Pneumol.2023;49(1):e20220290

Comparison between objective measures of smoking and self-reported smoking status in patients with asthma or COPD: are our patients telling us the truth?

Comparação entre medidas objetivas do tabagismo e tabagismo autodeclarado em pacientes com asma ou DPOC: será que nossos pacientes dizem a verdade?

Rafael Stelmach, Frederico Leon Arrabal Fernandes, Regina Maria Carvalho-Pinto, Rodrigo Abensur Athanazio, Samia Zahi Rached, Gustavo Faibischew Prado, Alberto Cukier

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):124-132

Objective: Smoking prevalence is frequently estimated on the basis of self-reported smoking status. That can lead to an underestimation of smoking rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between self-reported smoking status and that determined through the use of objective measures of smoking at a pulmonary outpatient clinic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 144 individuals: 51 asthma patients, 53 COPD patients, 20 current smokers, and 20 never-smokers. Smoking status was determined on the basis of self-reports obtained in interviews, as well as through tests of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and urinary cotinine. Results: All of the asthma patients and COPD patients declared they were not current smokers. In the COPD and asthma patients, the median urinary cotinine concentration was 167 ng/mL (range, 2-5,348 ng/mL) and 47 ng/mL (range, 5-2,735 ng/mL), respectively (p < 0.0001), whereas the median eCO level was 8 ppm (range, 0-31 ppm) and 5 ppm (range, 2-45 ppm), respectively (p < 0.05). In 40 (38%) of the patients with asthma or COPD (n = 104), there was disagreement between the self-reported smoking status and that determined on the basis of the urinary cotinine concentration, a concentration > 200 ng/mL being considered indicative of current smoking. In 48 (46%) of those 104 patients, the self-reported non-smoking status was refuted by an eCO level > 6 ppm, which is also considered indicative of current smoking. In 30 (29%) of the patients with asthma or COPD, the urinary cotinine concentration and the eCO level both belied the patient claims of not being current smokers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high proportions of smoking pulmonary patients with lung disease falsely declare themselves to be nonsmokers. The accurate classification of smoking status is pivotal to the treatment of lung diseases. Objective measures of smoking could be helpful in improving clinical management and counseling.

Keywords: Asthma; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Cotinine; Carbon monoxide; Smoking.

Pulmonary tuberculosis treatment regimen recommended by the Brazilian National Ministry of Health: predictors of treatment noncompliance in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil

Fatores preditores para o abandono do tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS)

Simone Teresinha Aloise Campani, José da Silva Moreira, Carlos Nunes Tietbohel

J Bras Pneumol.2011;37(6):776-782

Editorial

Consolidating in the present, with an eye to the future

Sedimentando o presente, visando o futuro

Rogerio Souza

J Bras Pneumol.2016;42(6):399-400

Original Article

Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus: an epidemiological analysis in the city of Taubaté, Brazil

Co-infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis e vírus da imunodeficiência humana: uma análise epidemiológica em Taubaté (SP)

Luiz Gustavo Miranda de Carvalho, Anabelli Zanchetta Buani, Maria Stella Amorim da Costa Zöllner, Alexandre Prado Scherma

J Bras Pneumol.2006;32(5):424-429

Who are the patients with tuberculosis who are diagnosed in emergency facilities? An analysis of treatment outcomes in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Quem são os pacientes com tuberculose diagnosticados no pronto-socorro? Uma análise dos desfechos do tratamento no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Otavio Tavares Ranzani1,2,a, Laura Cunha Rodrigues2,b, Eliseu Alves Waldman3,c, Elena Prina1,d, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho1,e

J Bras Pneumol.2018;44(2):125-133

Objective: Early tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment are determinants of better outcomes and effective disease control. Although tuberculosis should ideally be managed in a primary care setting, a proportion of patients are diagnosed in emergency facilities (EFs). We sought to describe patient characteristics by place of tuberculosis diagnosis and determine whether the place of diagnosis is associated with treatment outcomes. A secondary objective was to determine whether municipal indicators are associated with the probability of tuberculosis diagnosis in EFs. Methods: We analyzed data from the São Paulo State Tuberculosis Control Program database for the period between January of 2010 and December of 2013. Newly diagnosed patients over 15 years of age with pulmonary, extrapulmonary, or disseminated tuberculosis were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used in order to evaluate the association between place of diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Results: Of a total of 50,295 patients, 12,696 (25%) were found to have been diagnosed in EFs. In comparison with the patients who had been diagnosed in an outpatient setting, those who had been diagnosed in EFs were younger and more socially vulnerable. Patients diagnosed in EFs were more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcomes (adjusted OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.42-1.66), including loss to follow-up and death. At the municipal level, the probability of tuberculosis diagnosis in EFs was associated with low primary care coverage, inequality, and social vulnerability. In some municipalities, more than 50% of the tuberculosis cases were diagnosed in EFs. Conclusions: In the state of São Paulo, one in every four tuberculosis patients is diagnosed in EFs, a diagnosis of tuberculosis in EFs being associated with poor treatment outcomes. At the municipal level, an EF diagnosis of tuberculosis is associated with structural and socioeconomic indicators, indicating areas for improvement.

Keywords: Tuberculosis/diagnosis; Emergency treatment; Treatment outcome; Delivery of health care.

Prevalence and associated factors of experimentation with and current use of water pipes and electronic cigarettes among medical students: a multicentric study in Brazil

Prevalência de experimentação e uso atual de narguilé e cigarros eletrônicos e os fatores associados entre estudantes de medicina: estudo multicêntrico no Brasil

Stella Regina Martins1, Alberto José de Araújo (in memoriam)2, Fernando C Wehrmeister3, Beatriz Martins Freitas4, Rafaela Giunti Basso5, Alfredo Nicodemos Cruz Santana6,7, Ubiratan de Paula Santos1

J Bras Pneumol.2023;49(1):e20210467

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with experimentation with and current use of water pipes and e-cigarettes among medical students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicentric study involving a convenience sample of students from medical schools in most Brazilian geographic regions. Information about experimentation with and current use of conventional cigarettes, water pipes, and e-cigarettes; beliefs and attitudes toward tobacco products; religiosity; and demographics were collected by means of an online structured questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze the association of those factors. Results: Our sample comprised 700 individuals from four Brazilian regions. Prevalence of experimentation with and current use of cigarettes, water pipes, and e-cigarettes were, respectively, 39.1% and 7.9%; 42.6% and 11.4%; and 13.1% and 2.3%. Water pipe experimentation was higher among those who had a sibling (adjusted OR = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.24-5.61) or friends (adjusted OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.63-3.31) who smoke. The same occurred regarding e-cigarette experimentation: siblings (adjusted OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.17-6.50) and friends (adjusted OR = 2.47; 95% CI, 1:45-4.22). Curiosity and scent/taste were the major reasons for water pipe use and e-cigarette experimentation. Although 93% of the responders learned about health damages of smoking during medical school classes, 51.4% reported having experimented with at least one of these tobacco products. Most responders who reported feeling the presence of God/the Holy Spirit in their lives were never experimenters of water pipes (59.2%) or e-cigarettes (55.3%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of experimentation with tobacco products among medical students whose siblings or friends smoke, despite their knowledge about smoking harms.

Keywords: Education, medical; Health knowledge, attitudes, and practice; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Smoking water pipes; Religion.

A case-control study about indicators of non-compliance in patients with tuberculosis

Estudo caso-controle de indicadores de abandono em doentes com tuberculose

Sandra A. Ribeiro, Verônica M. Amado, Aquiles A. Camelier, Márcia M.A. Fernandes, Simone Schenkman

J Bras Pneumol.2000;26(6):291-296

Editorial

Electronic cigarettes-the new playbook and revamping of the tobacco industry

Cigarro eletrônico-repaginação e renovação da indústria do tabagismo

Ubiratan Paula Santos1,a

J Bras Pneumol.2018;44(5):345-346

Case Report

Pulmonary and extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis: three cases in an endemic area in the state of Ceará, Brazil

Coccidioidomicose pulmonar e extrapulmonar: três casos em zona endêmica no interior do Ceará

Ricardo Hideo Togashi, Fernando Moreira Batista Aguiar, Dalton Barros Ferreira, Camille Matos de Moura, Monique Teixeira Montezuma Sales, Nikaelle Ximenes Rios

J Bras Pneumol.2009;35(3):275-279