Original Article

Burden of respiratory syncytial virus in older adults in Brazil: insights from national surveillance data for the 2022-2023 period

Ana L Bierrenbach1,2, Olivia T Ranzani3,4

J Bras Pneumol.2025;51(3):e20250068

Objective: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory infections in older adults, particularly those with comorbidities. Despite its clinical impact, RSV remains underdiagnosed and underreported. We sought to assess the burden of RSV in older adults (= 60 years of age) in Brazil using national surveillance data for the 2022-2023 period. Methods: We analyzed RSV cases reported in the Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica, identifying them among reported cases of SARS. Cases were examined by demographic characteristics, seasonal trends, and clinical outcomes. RSV cases were compared across defined etiologies. Results: Among 355,230 reported cases of SARS in older adults, 201,965 (56.8%) had a defined etiology, and 1,465 (0.7%) were confirmed as RSV cases. Cases peaked in the second quarter of each year, with the highest incidence in the southern and southeastern regions. Despite a low hospitalization rate (2.3 per 100,000 population), severe outcomes were common: 30.4% required ICU admission, and 24.9% resulted in death, with mortality being highest in those = 90 years of age. Conclusions: RSV-related hospitalizations in Brazil appear underestimated, with reported cases likely representing the most severe spectrum due to underreporting and diagnostic limitations. Seasonal patterns peaked in April-May, and regional differences highlight a higher incidence in the southern and southeastern regions, likely due to epidemiological factors and diagnostic disparities. Although the recent approval of RSV vaccines offers an opportunity to reduce disease burden, successful implementation requires broader access and inclusion in the Brazilian National Immunization Program. Strengthening surveillance, diagnostic capacity, and reporting processes is critical for better disease assessment and public health planning.

Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus infections; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Hospitalization; Epidemiology; Aged; Surveillance.

The impact of asthma in Brazil: a longitudinal analysis of data from a Brazilian national database system

Impacto da asma no Brasil: análise longitudinal de dados extraídos de um banco de dados governamental brasileiro

Thiago de Araujo Cardoso1, Cristian Roncada1, Emerson Rodrigues da Silva2, Leonardo Araujo Pinto1, Marcus Herbert Jones1, Renato Tetelbon Stein1, Paulo Márcio Pitrez1

J Bras Pneumol.2017;43(3):163-168

Correlation between inflammatory mediators in the nasopharyngeal secretion and in the serum of children with lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus and disease severity

Correlação entre mediadores inflamatórios na secreção nasofaríngea e no soro de crianças com infecção do trato respiratório inferior por vírus sincicial respiratórioe a gravidade da doença

Renata Amato Vieira, Edna Maria de Albuquerque Diniz,Maria Esther Jurfest Rivero Ceccon

J Bras Pneumol.2010;36(1):59-66

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Giuliana Pucarelli Lebreiro, Marianna Tavares Venceslau1, Maria Angélica Arpon Marandino Guimarães1, Thalita Fernandes Abreu2, Yarina Rangel2, Ana Cristina Cisne Frota2, Cristina Barroso Hofer1

J Bras Pneumol.2024;50(3):e20240072

usceptibility to respiratory tract isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: 1997 and 1998 Brazilian data of the SENTRY surveillance program of resistance to antimicrobial agents

Sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas do trato respiratório de pacientes com infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade: resultados brasileiros do Programa SENTRY de Vigilância de Resistência a Antimicrobianos dos anos de 1997 e 1

Hélio S. Sader, Ana C. Gales, Adriana O. Reis, Cassia Zoccoli, Jorge Sampaio, Ronald N. Jones

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):25-34

Background: Antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) is usually empiric and antibiotics are chosen on the basis of surveillance studies. The SENTRY Program was designed to monitor antimicrobial resistance via a worldwide surveillance network of sentinel laboratories. Three sites in Brazil participated in the 1997 and 1998 SENTRY Program. Methods: A total of 344 bacterial isolates, collected from patients with CARTI in 1997 and 1998, were tested against more than 20 antimicrobial agents by the broth microdilution method. Results: Among S. pneumoniae (176 isolates), 71.6% were susceptible to penicillin. High level resistance to penicillin and resistance to cefotaxime was found in 2.3 and 4.0%, respectively. The newer quinolones, levofloxacin, (MIC90 of 2 mg/mL) and gatifloxacin (MIC90 of 0.5 mg/mL) were active against 100% of the isolates tested. Among the other non-b-lactam drugs tested, the rank order of pneumococci activity was (% susceptible): chloramphenicol (97.5%) > clindamycin (94.0%) > azithromycin (90.3%) > clarithromycin (89.4%) > tetracycline (76.4%) > trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.2%). The percentage of Haemophilus influenzae (101 isolates) susceptible to amoxicillin was 90.1%, whereas among Moraxella catarrhalis (67 isolates) only 9.0% were susceptible. Clavulanic acid restored the activity of amoxicillin against both H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. However, H. influenzae showed increased levels of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole (55.1% susceptibility), clarithromycin (80.4% susceptibility), and cefaclor (88.2%) susceptibility). All H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin (MIC90, < 0.5 mg/mL for both) and gatifloxacin (MIC90, < 0.06 mg/mL for both) with very low MICs. Conclusion: Results indicate that the rate of S. pneumoniae showing high-level penicillin resistance is still low in Brazil. However, intermediate resistance to penicillin associated with resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents was relatively high. On the other hand, the new quinolones were highly active against 100% of the respiratory pathogens tested.

Keywords: Respiratory tract infections. Bacterial pneumonia. Microbial drug resistance. Program evaluation. Microbial sensibility tests.

Asthma-related deaths in Brazil: data from an ecological study

Amanda da Rocha Oliveira Cardoso1 , Anna Carolina Galvão Ferreira1 , Marcelo Fouad Rabahi1

J Bras Pneumol.2024;50(6):e20240296

Evaluation of surveillance of contacts of new tuberculosis cases in the state of Mato Grosso - Brazil

Avaliação da vigilância de contatos de casos novos de tuberculose no Estado de Mato Grosso - Brasil

Shaiana Vilella Hartwig, Eliane Ignotti, Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira, Hellen Caroline de Oliveira Pereira, João Henrique Scatena

J Bras Pneumol.2008;34(5):298-303

Editorial

The paradox of asthma: neglect, burden, and big data

O paradoxo da asma: negligência, fardo e big data

Rafael Stelmach, Álvaro Augusto Cruz

J Bras Pneumol.2017;43(3):159-160

Original Article

Effects of simple long-term respiratory care strategies in older men with COPD

Efeitos de estratégias de longo prazo simples de cuidados respiratórios em homens idosos com DPOC

Fabrício Zambom-Ferraresi, Pilar Cebollero,Javier Hueto, María Hernández, José Cascante, María Milagros Antón

J Bras Pneumol.2017;43(6):464-471

Letters to the Editor

Tuberculosis surveillance in an endemic area of northeastern Brazil. What do the epidemiological indicators reveal?

Vigilância da tuberculose em uma área endêmica do Nordeste brasileiro: O que revelam os indicadores epidemiológicos?

Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza1,2,a, Thais Silva Matos3,4,b, Victor Santana Santos5,c, Franklin Gerônimo Bispo Santos2,d

J Bras Pneumol.2019;45(2):e20180257

Original Article

The burden of disease due to tuberculosis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

A carga de doença por tuberculose no estado de Santa Catarina

J Bras Pneumol.2014;40(1):61-68

Editorial

Is asthma mortality decreasing or increasing in Brazil? The burden of proof

Marcia M M Pizzichini1, Álvaro A Cruz2,3, Emilio Pizzichini1

J Bras Pneumol.2024;50(5):e20240355

Original Article

Mortality due to pneumoconioses in macro regions of Brazil in the 1979-1998 period

Mortalidade por pneumoconioses nas macrorregiões do Brasil no período de 1979-1998

Hermano Albuquerque de Castro, Genésio Vicentin, Kellen Cristina Xavier Pereira

J Bras Pneumol.2003;29(2):82-88

Profile of patients with tuberculosis: evaluation of the Brazilian national tuberculosis control program in Bagé, Brazil

Perfil dos pacientes com tuberculose e avaliação do programa nacional de controle da tuberculose em Bagé (RS)

Marysabel Pinto Telis Silveira, Raquel Fabiane Roscoff de Adorno, Tiago Fontana

J Bras Pneumol.2007;33(2):199-205

Editorial

The ability to predict the clinical course of pulmonary sarcoidosis from data that is right in front of us

A capacidade de prever o curso clínico da sarcoidose pulmonar a partir de dados que estão bem à nossa frente

Marc A. Judson1

J Bras Pneumol.2022;48(1):e20210012

Original Article

Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in patients with tuberculosis in the city of Londrina, in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Soroprevalência da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em pacientes com tuberculose, em Londrina, Paraná

Arilson Akira Morimoto, Ana Maria Bonametti, Helena Kaminami Monimoto, Tiemi Matsuo

J Bras Pneumol.2005;31(4):325-331

Accuracy of chest auscultation in detecting abnormal respiratory mechanics in the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery

Acurácia da ausculta torácica na detecção de mecânica respiratória anormal no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca

Glaciele Xavier1,2,a, César Augusto Melo-Silva1,3,b, Carlos Eduardo Ventura Gaio dos Santos1,4,c, Veronica Moreira Amado1,4,d

J Bras Pneumol.2019;45(5):e20180032

Trend of self-reported asthma prevalence in Brazil from 2003 to 2013 in adults and factors associated with prevalence

Tendência da prevalência de asma autorreferida no Brasil de 2003 a 2013 em adultos e fatores associados à prevalência

Felipe Moraes dos Santos1,a, Karynna Pimentel Viana1,b, Luciana Tarbes Saturnino1,c, Evelyn Lazaridis1,d, Mariana Rodrigues Gazzotti1,e, Rafael Stelmach2,f, Claudia Soares1,g

J Bras Pneumol.2018;44(6):491-497

Follow-up of patients diagnosed with and treated for tuberculosis in Brazil: financial burden on the household

Acompanhamento de pacientes com diagnóstico e tratamento de tuberculose no Brasil: ônus financeiro para a família

Rafaela Borge Loureiro ^1,2, Leticia Molino Guidoni ², Geisa Carlesso Fregona ^2,3, Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de Oliveira ^4,5, Daniel Sacramento ⁶, Jair dos Santos Pinheiro ^7,8, Denise Gomes ⁹, Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel ^1,2

J Bras Pneumol.2023;49(4):e20220368

Respiratory burden in obese and young asthmatics: a study of diaphragmatic kinetics

Carga respiratória em obesos e jovens asmáticos: um estudo da cinética diafragmática

Luís Henrique Sarmento Tenório1, Fabiana Cavalcanti Vieira1, Helga Cecília Muniz de Souza2, Armele de Fátima Dornelas de Andrade2, Virgínia Maria Barros de Lorena3, Décio Medeiros1,4,5, José Ângelo Rizzo1,5,6, Georgia Veras de Araújo Gueiros Lira1,5,6, Marco Aurélio de Valois Correia Junior5,7, Emanuel Sávio Cavalcanti Sarinho1,4,5

J Bras Pneumol.2021;47(5):e20210166

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