Out with the old – advancements and shortcomings of the updated 9th edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification system for lung cancer

Ferreira1, Pedro Magalhães; Campos2, Rui; Valente1, Carolina; Ferreira1, Joana; Freitas1,2, Cláudia; Sousa1,2, Catarina; Araújo1,2, David; Bastos1,2,3, Hélder Novais; Magalhães1,2, Adriana; Fernandes1,2,3, Maria Gabriela O.

doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20250022

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Out with the old – advancements and shortcomings of the updated 9th edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification system for lung cancer

Pedro Magalhães Ferreira1, Rui Campos2, Carolina Valente1, Joana Ferreira1, Cláudia Freitas1,2, Catarina Sousa1,2, David Araújo1,2, Hélder Novais Bastos1,2,3, Adriana Magalhães1,2, Maria Gabriela O. Fernandes1,2,3

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20250022

1. Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
2. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
3. Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Submitted: 7 April 2025.
Accepted: 28 April 2025.
Study carried out at the Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, Departamento de Pneumologia, Porto, Portugal.

Correspondence to:
Pedro Magalhães Ferreira. Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. Telephone: 00351917921364. E-mail: pedrojorgeferreira@gmail.com.
Financial support: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflicts of interest: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.